Литература двух Америк Литература двух Америк 2541-7894 2542-243X ИМЛИ РАН https://doi.org/10.22455/2541-7894-2020-9-151-173 Статьи Антиспектакль Кеннета Берка и проблема единства в политической культуре Джеймс П. Цаппен editor@litda.ru 2020 Copyright © 2026, IWL RAS 2026 Спектакль играл важную роль в публичных представлениях и массовых собраниях в России и Германии середины ХХ века как средство формирования однородной политической культуры. В России ему противостояли понятия романного диалога, полифонии, гетероглоссии и карнавала, введенные М.М. Бахтиным. В Германии наиболее гротескным воплощением спектакля стала «Моя борьба» Адольфа Гитлера, в которой Гитлер провозглашает свое стремление к национальному единству Германии и восхваляет массовые собрания национал-социалистов, создававшие иллюзию сплоченности, навязанной силой оружия. Кеннет Берк в рецензии на «Мою борьбу» критиковал организованный Гитлером спектакль и последовательно оспаривал эту установку на протяжении всей своей жизни. В своей рецензии Берк подвергает критике стратегию Гитлера, который пытается объединить Германию, противопоставив ее тем, кто с ним не согласен, особенно негерманским этническим группам. Берка всю жизнь интересовали общественно-политические вопросы, и в своих работах он сформулировал теории и принципы, направленные на сочетание в политической культуре разнообразия и единства, противопоставляя разыгранному Гитлером спектаклю мнимого единения антиспектакль – идентификацию, драматизм, преодоление диалектических и эстетических границ и язвительный сатирический портрет ложного единства. 1. [Adams 2017] — Adams, Whitney Jordan. “A Response to Greig Henderson’s ‘Dialogism Versus Monologism: Burke, Bakhtin, and the Languages of Social Change’.” KB Journal: The Journal of the Kenneth Burke Society 13:1 (Fall 2017). 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