<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id" xml:lang="en">Literature of the Americas</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Literature of the Americas</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="print">2541-7894</issn>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2542-243X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name xml:lang="en">IWL RAS</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="article-type" xml:lang="en">
          <subject/>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading" xml:lang="en">
          <subject>Articles</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>What Is Harvey, The Rabbit? Pretexts and Contexts of the Comedy by Mary Chase</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group/>
      <pub-date pub-type="collection">
        <year>2016</year>
      </pub-date>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2026, IWL RAS</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>The article discusses a variety of American folklore, literary and cinematic sources underlying the image of the invisible oversized anthropomorphic rabbit, the protagonist of the famous comedy Harvey (1943) by Mary Chase. These are: Manabozo, Oswald, the Lucky Rabbit, and Bugs Bunny. Chase’s Harvey, who is either a ghostly double or a supernatural trickster (phooka), influences virtually every character of this American philosophical comedy. It is Harvey’s ambiguous ontological status that ensures the reader’ and the viewer’s reception of the comedy’s multilayered meaning, in particular its ‘anti-psychiatric’ message. The final section of the paper focuses not only on the Hollywood screen version, Henry Kostner’s comedy Harvey (1950), but also on the imagery of fantastic rabbits in such American movies as Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1995), Donnie Darko (2001), and Inland Empire (2006).</abstract>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Батай 2003] – Батай Ж. Проклятая доля/ Пер. с фр. Б. Скуратова, П. Хицкого. М.: Гнозис-Логос, 2003.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2.</label>
        <mixed-citation>Bataj Zh. Prokljataja dolja, per. s fr. B. Skuratova, P. Hickogo. Moscow: Gnozis-Logos, 2003.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Головачева 2014] – Головачева И.В. Фантастика и фантастическое: поэтика и прагматика англо-американской фантастической литературы. СПб.: Петрополис, 2014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4.</label>
        <mixed-citation>Golovacheva I.V. Fantastika i fantasticheskoe: pojetika i pragmatika anglo-amerikanskoj fantasticheskoj literatury. Saint-Petersburg: Petropolis, 2014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Грибачев 1955] – Грибачев Н.М. Семеро в Америке: Записки корреспондента о поездке в США. М.: Советский писатель, 1955.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6.</label>
        <mixed-citation>Gribachev N.M. Semero v Amerike: Zapiski korrespondenta o poezdke v SShA. Moscow: Sovetskij pisatel’, 1955.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Манабозо 1976] – Манабозо, умный простак (в пересказе А. Ващенко) // Голоса Америки. Из народного творчества США. Баллады, легенды, сказки, притчи, песни, стихи/ Пер. с англ. М.: Молодая гвардия, 1976. С. 57.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8.</label>
        <mixed-citation>„Manabozo, umnyj prostak (v pereskaze A. Vashhenko)“. Golosa Ameriki. Iz narodnogo tvorchestva SShA. Ballady, legendy, skazki, pritchi, pesni, stihi, per. s angl. Moscow: Molodaja gvardija, 1976, p. 57.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Сас 2010] – Сас Т. Миф душевной болезни. М.: Академический проект, Альма Матер, 2010.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10.</label>
        <mixed-citation>Sas T. Mif dushevnoj bolezni. Moscow: Akademicheskij proekt, Al’ma Mater, 2010.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Токарев 2013] – Токарев Д. «О «невыразимо выразимом» (Вместо п редисловия)// «Невыразимо выразимое»: экфрасис и проблемы репрезентации визуальности в художественном тексте / Сост. и науч. ред. Д. В. Токарева. М.: НЛО, 2013. С. 5–25.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12.</label>
        <mixed-citation>Tokarev D. “O ‘nevyrazimo vyrazimom’ (Vmesto predislovija)“. “Nevyrazimo vyrazimoe”: jekfrasis i problemy reprezentacii vizual’nosti v hudozhestvennom tekste, ed. by D. V. Tokarev. Moscow: NLO, 2013, p. 5–25.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Фуко 2004] – Фуко М. Ненормальные: Курс лекций, прочитанный в Коллеж де Франс в 1974-1975 учебном году. СПб.: Наука, 2004.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14.</label>
        <mixed-citation>Fuko M. Nenormal’nye: Kurs lekcij, prochitannyj v Kollezh de Frans v 1974–1975 uchebnom godu. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka, 2004.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Chase 2014] – Chase M. Harvey: A Comedy in Three Acts. New York: Dramatists Play Service, Snowball Publishing, 2014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Doty William 1993] – Doty W., William J. H. “Historical Overview of Theoretical Issues: The Problem of the Trickster”. Mythical Trickster Figures: Contours, Contexts, and Criticisms, eds. William</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17.</label>
        <mixed-citation>J. Hynes, William G. Doty. Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press, 1993, pp. 13-32.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Gabbard 1999] – Gabbard G., Gabbard K. Psychiatry and the Cinema. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1999.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Middleton] – Middleton Cr. The Use of Cinematic Devices to Portray Mental Illness. Online at http:// www.jcu.edu.au/etropic/ET12-2/Middleton.pdf .</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20.</label>
        <mixed-citation>[Muecke 1982] – Muecke D.C. Irony and the Ironic. N.Y.: Methuen, 1982.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
</article>
